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Policy analysis by Jehad Abusalim examining Hamas' decision to not directly participate in Israel's August 2022 and May 2023 assaults on Gaza, which targeted Palestinian Islamic Jihad. The piece covers the internal and external factors behind Hamas' strategic restraint, the reported role of Egypt and Qatar, the “Unity Intifada,” or “Dignity Intifada” demonstrations, the emergence of the Joint Operations Room (JOR), the economic incentives behind Hamas' decisions, and Hamas' balancing act between governing responsibilities and armed resistance. This article is valuable for research on Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Palestinian faction divisions.
